Description
Chapman and Hall Advances in Thermochemical Biomass Conversion 1993 Edition by A.v. Bridgwater
This book provides an account of the state-of-the-art in thermochemical biomass conversion and arises from the third conference in a series sponsored by the International Energy Agency's Bioenergy Agreement. Fundamental and applied research topics are included, reflecting recent advances as well as demonstration and commercial innovation. Table of Contents : Overviews.- to the IEA Bioenergy Agreement.- Overview of Canadian Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Activities.- Thermochemical Conversion Research in the U.S. Department of Energy Biofuels and Power Programs.- Overview of Thermochemical Conversion Technology of Biomass and Wastes in Japan.- Overview of Thermochemical Conversion R&D Activities of the CEC.- Developments of the Institute of Wood Chemistry in Complex Processing of Wood.- New Options for Biomass-Based Power Production by IGCC: A Finnish National Research Programme - JALO.- Centralized Biomass Analysis.- Gasification.- A Microscopic Method for Studying Reaction Mechanisms in Char Gasification.- Kinetic Study of the Reaction of Different Hardwood Sawdust Chars with Oxygen. Chemical and Structural Characterization of the Samples.- Steam Gasification Reactivities of Various Fuel Chars.- Reactivity of Biomass and Peat Chars Formed and Gasified at Different Conditions.- Formation and Removal of Nitrogen Compounds in Gasification Processes.- Results From a Transparent Open-Core Downdraft Gasifier.- Model for Drying and Pyrolysis in an Updraft Biomass Gasifier.- New Catalysts for the Fluid Bed Catalytic Gasification of Biomass.- Catalytic Cracking of Naphthalene on Dolomite.- Dolomite Catalysed Cracking of n-Heptane in Presence of Steam.- Catalytic Hydrocracking of Tar from Gasification of Straw.- Formation and Catalytic Decomposition of Tars from Fluidized-Bed Gasification.- Temperature Fields in Downdraft Biomass Gasification.- Modeling and Simulation of an Open Core Down-Draft Moving Bed Rice Husk Gasifier.- Biomass Domestic Cooking Gasifier Stove for Use in Rural Areas of Developing Countries.- Leafy Biomass Gasifier for 15 kVA Diesel Genset.- Steam Gasification in Fluidized Bed of a Synthetic Refuse Containing Chlorine with Catalytic Gas Cleaning at High Temperature.- High Temperature Gasification of Biomass in an Atmospheric Entrained Flow Reactor.- Results Obtained by Air Gasification of Forestry Wastes in Two Downdraft Moving-Bed Gasifiers of 50 and 200 kg/h.- Design and Operation of a Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasifier for Wood Powders.- The Heuristic Envirocycler, a Solid Waste Disposal Energy Recovery Device for the 1990's.- Operating Experiences with Biomass Gasifiers in Indonesia.- Design of a Pilot Plant Fluidized Bed Gasifier.- The Free University of Brussels Biomass Gasification Combined Heat & Power Plant.- Gasification of Residual Biomass via the Biosyn Fluidized Bed Technology.- The U.S. Department of Energy and the Pacific International Center for High Technology Research Pressurized Oxygen-Air Fluidized Bed Biomass Gasification Scaleup.- Heat and Power Production via Gasification in the Range 5-50 MWe.- Performance of Cogeneration Gasification Combined-Cycle Power Plants Employing Biomass as Fuel.- Production of Hydrogen and Methanol via Biomass Gasification.- Biomass Based Combined Cycles.- Methanol from Biomass - An Option for Switzerland?.- "An Economic Evaluation of Sugar Cane Use for Electricity Production and its Environmental Consequences on Avoided Carbon Emissions in Brazil".- Gas Cleaning in Electricity Production via Gasification of Biomass: Conclusions of the Workshop.- Combustion.- Fuel Nitrogen in Wood A New Method to Analyse the Nitrogen Content and Investigations of the Conversion to Nitric Oxides During Combustion.- A New Method to Measure the Integrated Amount of Pollutants from Nonstationary Wood Combustion Processes.- Wood Combustion.- Combustion Control for Automatic Wood Firings.- Computer Simulation of a Wood Chip Furnace.- Acceptance Test for Wood Firings and Results from the Respective Round Robin Test in Switzerland, Germany and Austria.- Wood Chips Fueled Stirling Engine.- Concept for an Ideal Wood Waste and Wood Residue Combustion System.- Technical and Environmental Performances of Wood Combustion in Domestic Turbo Boilers: Influence of Operating Parameters.- Biomass Fired Superheater for Decreased Corrosion Speed and Improved Power Yield.- Flue Gas Condensing Systems at Woodchip Fired Heating Plants - Practical Experiences in Denmark.- Emissions from Wood Stoves and Fireplaces.- Selective Catalytic Reduction and Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxides for Wood Firings.- Workshop Measuring Procedures for Wood Stoves and Combustion.- Workshop Development of low emission wood stoves and furnaces.- Pyrolysis.- Chemistry of Pyrolysis of Polysaccharides and Lignocellulosics.- Study of Kinetic and Transfer Phenomena in the Pyrolysis of Biomass Particles.- Reaction Kinetics of the Thermal Decomposition of Cellulose and Hemicellulose in Biomass Materials.- Thermogravimetric Analysis of the Components of Biomass.- Thermogravimetric Studies of Charcoal Formation from Cellulose at Elevated Pressures.- Flash Pyrolysis of Municipal Solid Waste in a Pyroprobe 1000.- Screening of Pyrolysis Behavior of Different Biomass.- Composition Effects on the Devolatilization Behavior of Biomass and Municipal Solid Waste.- Heat Transfer and Weight Loss in the Thermal Decomposition of Large Wood Particles.- Changes in Wood Structure during the Course of Carbonisation.- Effect of Experimental Conditions on the Composition of Gases and Liquids from Biomass Pyrolysis.- Thermal Decomposition of Powdery Lignocellulosic Biomass. Solid Weight Loss and Temperature Profiles.- Modeling the Pyrolysis of Cellulosic Materials.- Modeling of Transport Phenomena and Kinetics of Biomass Pyrolysis.- Analytical Study of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils. I- Analysis of the Phenolic Fraction by High Performance Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography.- The Effect of Intermittent Air Supply on Processes in the Partial Combustion Zone of a Pyrolysis Reactor.- Separation of Biomass Degradation Products by Capillary Electrophoresis.- Heat Transfer in Straw.- Rapid Pyrolysis of Wood with Application to Gasification.- Liquid Hydrocarbons from the Extraction and Catalytic Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge.- Alkanes and Alkenes from the Pyrolysis of Triglycerides over Activated Alumina.- High Liquid Yields from Lignin Via Catalytic Hydropyrolysls.- Catalytic Upgrading of Wood Derived Bio-Oil over HZSM-5 Catalyst: Effect of Co-Feeding Steam.- High Oil Yields from Euphorbia Rigida Via Hydropyrolysis.- Mild Hydropyrolysis of Biomass Materials: Effect of Pressure on Product Tar Structures.- Detailed Chemical Characterization of Biomass Pyrolysis Oils, Polar Fractions.- Characterization of Bio-Oils Produced by Pyrolysis.- The Characterization of Fast Pyrolysis Bio-Oils.- Pyrolysis of Euphorbia Rigida from Central Anatolia.- Mass and Energy Distribution of the Pyrolysis Products from Straw.- The Rotating Cone Flash Pyrolysis Reactor.- Design of a Novel Ablative Pyrolysis Reactor.- Design Concept and Hydrodynamics of an Air-Blown Circulating Fluidized Bed Reactor for Biomass Flash Pyrolysis.- Conceptual Design and Evaluation of a Biomass Vacuum Pyrolysis Plant.- Steam Gasification Versus Fast Pyrolysis to Produce Medium Calorific Value Gaseous Fuel.- Pyrolysis/Gasification of Biomass in Presence of Dolomite in a Pressurized Fluidized Bed.- Combustion Tests of Bio-Oils Derived from Biomass Slow Pyrolysis.- A Thermochemical Hydrophobic Oleophilic form of Biomass for Oil and Chemical Absorption.- Chemicals by Biomass Pyrolysis in a Fluidized Bed.- Preparing and Characterizing Electrode Grade Carbons from Eucalyptus Pyrolysis Products.- Biomass Gasification for Industrial Production of Tar and Charcoal.- The EGEMIN Flash Pyrolysis Process: Commissioning and Initial Results.- Atomisation and Combustion of Slow Pyrolysis Biomass Oils.- Applications of Rapid Thermal Processing of Biomass.- Continuous Charcoal Production - A Brazilian Experience.- Evaluation of Wastewater Treatment Requirements for Thermochemical Biomass Liquefaction.- Economic Assessment of a Wood Fast Pyrolysis Plant.- IEA Technoeconomic Analysis of the Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass to Gasoline by the NREL Process.- Techno-Economics of Pyrolysis Oil Production and Upgrading.- Process Development and End-Use Applications Workshop Summary.- Liquefaction.- Hydrogen Production by Steam Reforming Glucose in Supercritical Water.- Analysis of Oil Derived from Liquefaction of Sewage Sludge.- Thermochemical Treatment of Waste Molasses.- Upgrading and Chemicals.- Hydrodeoxygenation of Oxygenated Model Compounds: Simulation of the Hydro-Purification of Bio-Oils.- Solvolysis and Catalytic Hydrotreatment of Wood.- Hydroprocessing of Oil from Biomass Liquefaction.- Thermal Conversion of Cellulose and Hemicellulose in Wood to Sugars.- Levoglucosan Recovery from Cellulose and Wood Pyrolysis Liquids.- Glyoxal Production from Biomass Pyrolysis Derived Hydroxyacetaldehyde.- Biomass Derived Calcium Carboxylates.- Bench Scale Plant for Continuous Hydrotreating of Oils from Biomass.- Fractionation of Wood Tar.- Biodiesel from Waste Vegetable Oils.- Potential Applications and Markets for Biomass-Derived Levoglucosan.- Report of the Workshop on Catalytic Processes in Liquefaction of Biomass.- Workshop on Chemicals from Biomass.- Pretreatment.- Measurement of Organic Emissions During Oven Drying of Wood.- Volatile Organic Compounds - Emissions from Biomass Combustion.- Behaviour of Organic Compounds in Biomass Drying.- Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Rice Straw.- The Depolymerization of Lignin via Aqueous Alkaline Oxidation.- Biomass Fractionation by Hot Compressed Liquid Water.- Acid Hydrolysis of Glycosidic Bonds in Polysaccharides: Modelling and Stochastic Simulation.- Upgrading Nonwood Fibres by Chemical Impregnation and High-Pressure Pulping.- Phosphorus-31 NMR Analysis of Steam Explosion Lignins.- Selected Aspects in Accordance and Analogy to the Bit Granulation Technology.- Spontaneous Ignition - A Hazard in Biomass-Fueled Power Production.- Steam-Aqueous Fractionation of Sugar Cane Bagasse: An Optimization Study of Process Conditions at the Pilot Plant Level.- Feeding of Biomass into Gasifiers and Pyrolysis Units, Using a Dynamic Biomass Seal.- Progress in Thermochemical, Solid-State Refining of Biofuels - From Research to Commercialization.- The Hydrolysis of Peat at Short Residence Time Using Tubular Reactors: Characterization of the Hydrolyzate.- Status of the IEA Voluntary Standards Activity - Round Robins on Whole Wood and Lignins.show more